AUDIENCE
An audience is a group of people who participate in a show or encounter a work of art, literature, theatre, music or academics in any medium. Audience members participate in different ways in different kinds of art; some events invite overt audience participation and others allowing only modest clapping and criticism and reception.
ADVERTISING STANDARD AUTHORITY (ASA)
The ASA is the UK’s independent watchdog committed to maintaining high standards in advertising for the benefit of consumers, advertisers and society at large. They do this by applying the mandatory Advertising Codes to ensure that advertisements, wherever they appear, remain legal, decent, honest and truthful. Their work includes acting on and investigating complaints as well as proactively monitoring and taking action against misleading, harmful or offensive advertisements, sales promotions and direct marketing.
BROADCASTERS AUDIENCE RESEARCH BOARD (BARB)
BARB (Broadcasters' Audience Research Board) is the primary provider of television audience measurement in the UK. It covers all channels broadcasting across all platforms - terrestrial, satellite and cable in both analogue and digital. BARB audience measurement data underpins the trading currency for broadcasters, advertisers and their agencies. BARB is a non-profit making limited company, funded by the major players in the industry it supports - BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Five, BSkyB and the IPA (Institute of Practitioners in Advertising). Other broadcasters and a variety of businesses, for example research specialists, publishers and advertisers also contribute to the cost of running BARB by subscribing to the service.
BRITISH BOARD OF FILM CLASSIFICATION
The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), originally British Board of Film Censors, is a non-governmental organisation, funded by the film industry and responsible for the national classification of films within the United Kingdom. It has a statutory requirement to classify videos, DVDs and some video games under the Video Recordings Act 2010.
BROADCASTING
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video content to a dispersed audience via radio, television, or other, often digital transmission media. Receiving parties may include the general public or other parties.
COMPANY SIZE: MAJOR COMPANIES (TNC)
TNC Management Group, based in Morristown New Jersey, provides expertise and experience in project management, business analytics, and management consulting for the Insurance industry.
COMPANY SIZE: BIG TO MEDIUM SIZED
A Medium sized business or mid-sized business has under 500 employees in the US, 250 in the European Union and fewer than 200 in Australia.
A Big sized business has under 1000 employees in the US, 500 in the European Union and fewer than 250 in Australia.
COMPANY SIZE: INDEPENDENT
A independant company is usually the same size as a big or medium company and so the number of employees is around the same.
CROSS MEDIA COMPANIES
Cross media marketing is a form of cross-promotion in which promotional companies commit to surpassing the traditional advertisements and decide to include extra appeals to their offered products. The material can be communicated by any mass media such as e-mails, letters, web pages, or other recruiting sources. This method can be extremely successful for publishers because the marketing increases the ad’s profit from a single advertiser. Furthermore, this tactic generates a good liaison between the advertiser and the publisher, which also boosts the profits.
HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION
In microeconomics and strategic management, the term horizontal integration describes a type of ownership and control. It is a strategy used by a business or corporation that seeks to sell a type of product in numerous markets. Horizontal integration in marketing is much more common than vertical integration is in production. Horizontal integration occurs when a firm is being taken over by, or merged with, another firm which is in the same industry and in the same stage of production as the merged firm, e.g. a car manufacturer merging with another car manufacturer.
INSTITUTION
An institution is any structure or mechanism of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set of individuals within a given human community. Institutions are identified with a social purpose and permanence, transcending individual human lives and intentions, and with the making and enforcing of rules governing cooperative human behavior.
NEW MEDIA INDUSTRY
The new media industry shares an open association with many market segments in areas such as software/video game design, television, radio, and particularly movies, advertising and marketing, through which industry seeks to gain from the advantages of two-way dialogue with consumers primarily through the Internet. The advertising industry has capitalized on the proliferation of new media with large agencies running multi-million dollar interactive advertising subsidiaries. Interactive websites and kiosks have become popular. In a number of cases advertising agencies have also set up new divisions to study new media. Public relations firms are also taking advantage of the opportunities in new media through interactive PR practices.
NARROWCASTING
Narrowcasting has traditionally been understood as the dissemination of information (usually by radio or television) to a narrow audience, not to the general public. Some forms of narrowcasting involve directional signals or use of encryption. In the context of out-of-home advertising, this term often refers to the display of content on a digital signage network. The term narrowcasting can also apply to the spread of information to an audience (private or public) which is by nature geographically limited — a group such as office employees, military troops, or conference attendees — and requires a localized dissemination of information from a shared source.
THE NATIONAL READERSHIP SURVEY
The National Readership Survey provides estimates of the readership of Britain’s major newspapers and consumer magazines, showing the size and nature of the audiences they achieve – the survey covers some over 250 newspapers, newspaper supplements and magazines.
OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS (OFCOM)
Ofcom is the communications regulator. They regulate the TV and radio sectors, fixed line telecoms and mobiles, plus the airwaves over which wireless devices operate.
PRESS COMPLAINTS COMMISSION (PCC)
The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) is a regulatory body for British printed newspapers and magazines, consisting of representatives of the major publishers. The PCC is funded by the annual levy it charges newspapers and magazines. It has no legal powers - all newspapers and magazines voluntarily contribute to the costs of the Commission, making the industry self-regulating.
PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
A company or object that is owned by private stockholders, as opposed to being owned by a government or person.
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP
Public property is property which is owned collectively by the people as a whole. This is in contrast to private property, owned by a individual person or artificial entities that represent the financial interests of persons, such as corporations. State ownership, also called public ownership, government ownership or state property, are property interests that are vested in the state, rather than an individual or communities.
PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING
Public Service Broadcasting" (PSB) refers to broadcasting intended for the public benefit rather than for purely commercial concerns. The communications regulator Ofcom, requires that certain television and radio broadcasters fulfill certain requirements as part of their licence to broadcast. All of the BBC's television and radio stations have a public service remit, including those that broadcast digitally. Additionally, all stations broadcast on terrestrial analogue television - the regional Channel 3 companies (the ITV Network), GMTV, Channel 4, S4C in Wales, and Five - are obliged to provide public service programming as they can be viewed freely almost anywhere nationwide.
REGULATORY BODY
A regulatory body is like a professional body but it is not a membership organisation and its primary activity is to protect the public. Unlike professional bodies, it is established on the basis of legal mandate. In some countries, regulatory bodies control aspects of education. For example, the General Medical Council has regulatory power over medical education in the UK.
SELF REGULATORY BODY
A self-regulatory organization (SRO) is an organization that exercises some degree of regulatory authority over an industry or profession. The regulatory authority could be applied in addition to some form of government regulation, or it could fill the vacuum of an absence of government oversight and regulation. The ability of an SRO to exercise regulatory authority does not necessarily derive from a grant of authority from the government.
VERTICAL INTERGRATION
Vertically integrated companies in a supply chain are united through a common owner. Usually each member of the supply chain produces a different product or (market-specific) service, and the products combine to satisfy a common need. It is contrasted with horizontal integration.
